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LLENGUA ANGLESA
PRESENT SIMPLE:
Utilitzem aquesta forma verbal per expressar hàbits i costums.
We use that verb tense to express habits or routines.
També utilitzem adverbs de freqüència:
We also use adverbs of frequency:
Always-sempre (100%)
usually-usualment (80%)
often-sovint (75%)
sometimes-a vegades (25%)
hardly ever- gairebé mai (5%)
never-mai (0%)
+
Subj-adv of freq-verb-complements
?
Auxiliar-subj-adv of freq-verb- compl.
-
Subj-don't/doesn't-verb-complements
PRESENT CONTINOUS:
We use this verb tense to express someting that is happening now.
To be:
I am
you are
he/she/it is
we are
you are
they are
past simple
We use that verb tense to express a action that has finished on the past.
+
subject-verb in past- compl
-
subject- didn't- verb (inf)-compl
?
Did-Subj-verb (ing)-compl
Verbs in past:
verb regular: verb with -ed ending
verb irregular: See that table (http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/)
I visited London one year AGO.
I did not move when the assassin killed me with a knife.
Did you see something?
Present Perfect Simple
Past experiences- all your life until now. (NEVER OR EVER)
Have you ever been to Ireland?
Recent Past Actions (Using JUST)
I've just cut my finger.
Using YET or ALREADY
I haven't done it yet.
I have already done it.
Unfinished states
How long have you known her?
We also use:
Since- Specific time in the past
For-Period of time
+
sub-have/ has(for he/she/it)-verb (participle)-compl
?
have/has-subj-verb (participle)-compl
-
Subj-hasn't/haven't-verb (participle)-compl
Present Perfect Continuous
When there is an evidence that an activity that take time has just finished.
To say or ask how long something is been simething?
+
sub-have/ has(for he/she/it)- been-verb (participle)-compl
?
have/has-subj-been-verb (participle)-compl
-
Subj-hasn't/haven't-been-verb (participle)-compl
Have you been crying?
I have been laughting.
She hasn't been feeling very weel recently.
Comparatives and Superlatives
1 syllable adjectives
fast-faster (than)-fastest
Adjectives that ends in "Y"
easy-easier-easiest
Adjectives that have more than 2 syllable go with more/most, like adjectives that ends in "LY".
expensive-more expensive-most expensive
quickly-more quickly-most quickly
Irregulars
good-better-best
bad-worse-worst
far-further-furthest
Borja is faster than me.
For me the easiest exercicies are math's ones.
China is further than Andorra.
A Buggatti isn't the most expensive car in the world.
Helsinki does not have as many tourists as Wellintong.
Must/have to/should
Must
For personal obligation or strong recommendation.
It only have the present tense
Have to
External obligations or law or rule
Mustn't
Prohibited by law
Don't have to
not necessary
should/shouldn't
advise or opinion
More formal:
ought not to...
ought to...
Look or Look like
Look + adjective (or an age)
She looks pretty
he looks older than me
She looks 50 (never put years)
Look like +noun or pronouns
She looks like her/Laura
It looks like a monkey
Possibilities:
Must, may/might,can't
Must
when you are certain of sure that something is true.
May/Might
When you think something is possibly true.
Can't
When you are sure that something is impossible
Can/Could/be able to
Can/could
It is possible for you to do something
Modal verb- only have the present, past and conditionl tense.
For other tense use "be able to"
Could is the past of can
Be able to
To be capable of doing something
Use "be able to": present, past, future, present perfect as a gerund, infinitive or with would.
In present and past is more formal that can/ could
You can use can in present with mening in future. Never say "will can".
Never say hate/like/love can.
Adjetives ending in ed/ing
When something or someone are feeling something, use the ed ending.
I am tired.
I was bored
When smething or someone is making you or someone feel something, use the ing ending.
The movie is frightening
The class was boring
Something, somebody, Somewhere
Use something, somewhere or somebody when you don't say exactly who, where or what.
Use anything, anybody, anywhere with a negative verbs or question.
Use nothing, nobody, nowhere with a positive verb or in a short answer.
SO
We use SO in two situations:
To emphasize an adjective or adverb.
It's so exciting!
To connect a cause an a result
The class was exciting so I was excited.
First Conditional
If (unless=if not)+ present simple, will + infinitive
Used for situation which have realistic possibilities of happening.
You can use the imperative instead of the will clause.
Future time clauses
when- quan
as soon as- tan aviat com...
until-fins
before-abans
after-després
Second conditionl
If (unless)+ past simple, would+ infinitive
Used for hypothetical/imaginary situations in the present or future and its consequences.
Never say: WAS with this conditional. Use always WERE.
You can use the would clause wihout the if's one.
Thirst Conditional
If +past perfect, would+have+participle
Use that conditional to express situations that you can't change because it has finished.
If I had studied, I would have get a better mark
Usually Vs. Used to
Usually
For present habits and states
Used to
For past habits
For things that was true in the past, but now doesn't
We use also: NOT ANY MORE/NOT ANY LONGER with the present simple to contrast used to.