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LLENGUA ANGLESA

PRESENT SIMPLE:

Utilitzem aquesta forma verbal per expressar hàbits i costums.

We use that verb tense to express habits or routines.

 

També utilitzem adverbs de freqüència:

We also use adverbs of frequency:

Always-sempre (100%)

usually-usualment (80%)

often-sovint (75%)

sometimes-a vegades (25%)

hardly ever- gairebé mai (5%)

never-mai (0%)

 

+

Subj-adv of freq-verb-complements

?

Auxiliar-subj-adv of freq-verb- compl.

-

Subj-don't/doesn't-verb-complements

 

 

PRESENT CONTINOUS:

We use this verb tense to express someting that is happening now.

To be:

I am

you are

he/she/it is

we are

you are

they are

past simple

We use that verb tense to express a action that has finished on the past. 

+

subject-verb in past- compl

-

subject- didn't- verb (inf)-compl

?

Did-Subj-verb (ing)-compl

 

Verbs in past:

verb regular: verb with -ed ending

verb irregular: See that table (http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/)

 

 

 

I visited London one year AGO.

I did not move when the assassin killed me with a knife.

Did you see something?

Present Perfect Simple

 

Past experiences- all your life until now. (NEVER OR EVER)

Have you ever been to Ireland?

 

Recent Past Actions (Using JUST)

I've just cut my finger.

 

Using YET or ALREADY

I haven't done it yet.

I have already done it.

 

Unfinished states

How long have you known her?

 

We also use:

Since- Specific time in the past                   

For-Period of time

 

 

+

sub-have/ has(for he/she/it)-verb (participle)-compl

?

have/has-subj-verb (participle)-compl

-

Subj-hasn't/haven't-verb (participle)-compl

Present Perfect Continuous

When there is an evidence that an activity that take time has just finished.

 

To say or ask how long something is been simething?

 

 

+

sub-have/ has(for he/she/it)- been-verb (participle)-compl

?

have/has-subj-been-verb (participle)-compl

-

Subj-hasn't/haven't-been-verb (participle)-compl

 

Have you been crying?

I have been laughting.

She hasn't been feeling very weel recently.

 

 

Comparatives and Superlatives

1 syllable adjectives

fast-faster (than)-fastest

 

Adjectives that ends in "Y"

easy-easier-easiest

 

Adjectives that have more than 2 syllable go with more/most, like adjectives that ends in "LY".

expensive-more expensive-most expensive

quickly-more quickly-most quickly

 

Irregulars

good-better-best

bad-worse-worst

far-further-furthest

 

Borja is faster than me.

For me the easiest exercicies are math's ones.

China is further than Andorra.

A Buggatti isn't the most expensive car in the world.

Helsinki does not have as many tourists as Wellintong.

 

 

Must/have to/should

Must 

For personal obligation or strong recommendation.

It only have the present tense

 

Have to 

External obligations or law or rule

 

Mustn't

Prohibited by law

 

Don't have to

not necessary

 

should/shouldn't

advise or opinion

 

 

More formal:

ought not to...

ought to...

Look or Look like

Look + adjective (or an age)

She looks pretty

he looks older than me

She looks 50 (never put years)

 

Look like +noun or pronouns

She looks like her/Laura

It looks like a monkey

 

Possibilities:

Must, may/might,can't

Must

when you are certain of sure that something is true.

 

May/Might

When you think something is possibly true.

 

Can't

When you are sure that something is impossible

Can/Could/be able to

Can/could

It is possible for you to do something

Modal verb- only have the present, past and conditionl tense.

For other tense use "be able to"

Could is the past of can

 

Be able to

To be capable of doing something

Use "be able to": present, past, future, present perfect as a gerund, infinitive or with would.

In present and past is more formal that can/ could

 

 

You can use can in present with mening in future. Never say "will can".

Never say hate/like/love can.

Adjetives ending in ed/ing

When something or someone are feeling something, use the ed ending.

I am tired.

I was bored

 

When smething or someone is making you or someone feel something, use the ing ending.

The movie is frightening

The class was boring

Something, somebody, Somewhere

Use something, somewhere or somebody when you don't say exactly who, where or what.

 

Use anything, anybody, anywhere with a negative verbs or question.

 

Use nothing, nobody, nowhere with a positive verb or in a short answer.

 

SO

We use SO in two situations:

To emphasize an adjective or adverb.

It's so exciting!

 

To connect a cause an a result

The class was exciting so I was excited.

First Conditional

If (unless=if not)+ present simple, will + infinitive

Used for situation which have realistic possibilities of happening.

You can use the imperative instead of the will clause.

 

Future time clauses

when- quan

as soon as- tan aviat com...

until-fins

before-abans

after-després

Second conditionl

If (unless)+ past simple, would+ infinitive

Used for hypothetical/imaginary situations in the present or future and its consequences.

Never say: WAS  with this  conditional. Use always WERE.

 

You can use the would clause wihout the if's one.

 

Thirst Conditional

 

If +past perfect, would+have+participle

Use that conditional to express situations that you can't change because it has finished.

If I had studied, I would have get a better mark

Usually Vs. Used to

Usually

For present habits and states

 

Used to

For past habits

For things that was true in the past, but now doesn't

We use also: NOT ANY MORE/NOT ANY LONGER with the present simple to contrast used to.

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